Path toward Sustainability in Wastewater Management in Brazil

Débora Cynamon Kligerman (), Aline Stelling Zanatta, Graziella de Araújo Toledo and Joseli Maria da Rocha Nogueira
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Débora Cynamon Kligerman: Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental (DSSA) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
Aline Stelling Zanatta: Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biomodelos (ICTB), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
Graziella de Araújo Toledo: Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental (DSSA) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
Joseli Maria da Rocha Nogueira: Laboratório de Microbiologia do Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB) (ENSP), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 16, 1-19

Abstract: Developing countries have not carried out the adequate management of wastewater and are a long way off meeting the sustainability goal of universal access to safely managed sanitation services by 2030. This article discusses sustainability in wastewater management and conducts a narrative literature review to analyze four stages on the path toward sustainability: (1) the prevention of or reduction in pollution at the source; (2) wastewater collection and treatment; (3) using wastewater as an alternative source of water; and (4) the recovery of useful by-products. It also provides an overview of wastewater management in Brazil and shows the advantages of using wastewater to produce biofuel in a country in which 48.3% of energy production comes from renewable sources.

Keywords: wastewater management; sustainability; public policy; Brazil (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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