Preliminary Evidence of the Association between Time on Buprenorphine and Cognitive Performance among Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder Maintained on Buprenorphine: A Pilot Study

Irene Pericot-Valverde (), Kaileigh A. Byrne, Erik G. Ortiz, Stephanie Davis, Ethan Hammond, Shadi Nahvi, James F. Thrasher, Laksika B. Sivaraj, Sam Cumby, Eli Goodwin, Ashley C. King, Julia Arnsten, Sergio Fernández-Artamendi, Moonseong Heo and Alain H. Litwin
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Irene Pericot-Valverde: Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Kaileigh A. Byrne: Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Erik G. Ortiz: Addiction Medicine Center, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29601, USA
Stephanie Davis: Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Ethan Hammond: Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Shadi Nahvi: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
James F. Thrasher: Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Laksika B. Sivaraj: Addiction Medicine Center, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29601, USA
Sam Cumby: Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC 29209, USA
Eli Goodwin: Department of Medicine, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Greenville, SC 29209, USA
Ashley C. King: Addiction Medicine Center, Prisma Health, Greenville, SC 29601, USA
Julia Arnsten: Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY 10461, USA
Sergio Fernández-Artamendi: Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola, 41704 Sevilla, Spain
Moonseong Heo: Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
Alain H. Litwin: Department of Psychology, College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 16, 1-9

Abstract: People on buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT) commonly present cognitive deficits that have been associated with illicit drug use and dropout from buprenorphine treatment. This study has compared cognitive responses to the Stroop Task and the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) among individuals on BMT, with recent drug use, and healthy controls and explored the associations between cognitive responses and drug use, craving, and buprenorphine use among participants on BMT. The participants were 16 individuals on BMT and 23 healthy controls. All participants completed a 60 min laboratory session in which they completed the Stroop Task and the CPT, a saliva drug test, a brief clinical history that collected substance-use- and treatment-related information, and the Opioid Craving Scale. The results showed that the BMT participants presented more commission errors (MBMT participants = 2.49; Mhealthy controls = 1.38; p = 0.048) and longer reaction times (MBMT participants = 798.09; Mhealthy controls = 699.09; p = 0.047) in the Stroop Task than did the healthy controls. More days on buprenorphine were negatively associated with reaction time in the CPT (−0.52) and the number of commission errors (−0.53), simple reaction time (−0.54), and reaction time correct (−0.57) in the Stroop Task. Neither drug use nor craving was significantly associated with the results for the cognitive tasks. Relative to the control participants, the BMT individuals performed worse in terms of longer reaction times and more commission errors in the Stroop Task. Within the BMT participants, longer times on buprenorphine were associated with better cognitive results in terms of faster reaction times for both tasks and lower commission errors for the Stroop Task.

Keywords: buprenorphine treatment; opioid maintenance treatment; opioid use disorder; cognition; cognitive performance; cognitive impairment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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