The Betel Nut Intervention Trial (BENIT)—A Randomized Clinical Trial for Areca Nut and Betel Quid Cessation: Primary Outcomes

Thaddeus A. Herzog (), Lynne R. Wilkens, Grazyna Badowski, Ana Joy Pacilan Mendez, Adrian A. Franke, Pallav Pokhrel, Jade S. N. Chennaux, Lynnette F. Tenorio, Patrick P. Sotto, Crissy T. Kawamoto and Yvette C. Paulino
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Thaddeus A. Herzog: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Lynne R. Wilkens: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Grazyna Badowski: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
Ana Joy Pacilan Mendez: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
Adrian A. Franke: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Pallav Pokhrel: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Jade S. N. Chennaux: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
Lynnette F. Tenorio: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
Patrick P. Sotto: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA
Crissy T. Kawamoto: University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
Yvette C. Paulino: University of Guam Cancer Research Center, University of Guam, Mangilao, GU 96923, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 16, 1-10

Abstract: Background: Areca nut and betel quid (ANBQ) chewing is a widespread carcinogenic habit. The BENIT (ClinicalTrials—NCT02942745) is the first known randomized trial designed for ANBQ chewers. Methods: We compared the intensive behavioral treatment intervention condition (IC) with the control condition (CC) in the BENIT and included a 5-stage early stopping rule. We report the primary analysis at stage 3. English-literate adults in Guam and Saipan who self-identified as ANBQ chewers with tobacco were enrolled between August 2016 and August 2020. IC participants ( n = 88) received five in-person sessions over 22 days and a brochure containing quitting advice. CC participants ( n = 88) received only the brochure. Participants were assessed at baseline and on day 22 of follow-up. Self-reported chewing status at day 22 was determined by a composite of two survey items with disparate wording and response options for cross-verification. Results: Cessation rates were 38.6% (IC) and 9.1% (CC). Proportional hazards regression revealed a p = 0.0058, which met the Stage 3 criteria for significance, and an estimated reduction in ANBQ chewing for IC compared to the CC of 71% (95% CI: 41%–88%). Conclusions: Robust self-reported intervention effects at day 22 suggest that intensive cessation programs such as BENIT should be further developed and implemented on a larger scale.

Keywords: Betel Nut Intervention Trial; areca nut; betel quid; clinical trial; cessation; oral cancer (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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