Neighborhood Unsafety, Discrimination, and Food Insecurity among Nigerians Aged 15–49

Chukwuemeka E. Ogbu, Chisa O. Oparanma, Stella C. Ogbu, Otobo I. Ujah, Ndugba S. Chinenye, Chidera P. Ogbu and Russell S. Kirby ()
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Chukwuemeka E. Ogbu: Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Chisa O. Oparanma: Department of Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, 61022 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Stella C. Ogbu: Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Otobo I. Ujah: Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
Ndugba S. Chinenye: Department of Medical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Chidera P. Ogbu: Department of Biochemistry, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA 19074, USA
Russell S. Kirby: Chiles Center, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 17, 1-14

Abstract: We investigated the association between discrimination, neighborhood unsafety, and household food insecurity (FI) among Nigerian adults, as well as the gender-specific differences in these associations. Our analysis utilized data from the 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), comprising 56,146 Nigerian adults aged 15–49 (17,346 males and 38,800 females). For bivariate analysis, we employed the Rao–Scott chi-square test to examine the relationship between predictors (discrimination, neighborhood unsafety, and a composite variable of both) and the outcome variable (FI). Food insecurity was assessed using both a dichotomous measure (food insecure vs. food secure) and a multinomial variable (food secure, mild FI, moderate FI, and severe FI). To model the association between predictors and FI while controlling for potential confounding factors, we utilized weighted binary and multinomial logistic regression. Among Nigerian adults, the prevalence of having ever experienced FI was 86.1%, with the prevalence of mild FI, moderate FI, and severe FI being 11.5%, 30.1%, and 44.5%, respectively. In the binary model, experiencing discrimination (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.19–1.55), living in an unsafe neighborhood (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.14–1.54), and facing both discrimination and unsafe neighborhood conditions (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.57–2.48) were significantly associated with FI. In the multinomial model, discrimination, neighborhood unsafety, and experiencing both remained associated with moderate and severe FI. In the gender-specific models, discrimination and neighborhood unsafety were found to be significantly associated with FI in women but not in men. This study underscores the importance of implementing policies and programs that address the underlying causes of food insecurity, with specific attention to discrimination and neighborhood safety concerns, particularly for Nigerian women.

Keywords: food insecurity; discrimination; neighborhood unsafety; gender differences; public health policy; Sub-Saharan Africa (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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