Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status

Samantha Friedman (), Tabassum Z. Insaf, Temilayo Adeyeye and Jin-Wook Lee
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Samantha Friedman: Department of Sociology, University at Albany, SUNY, 348 Arts & Sciences Building 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
Tabassum Z. Insaf: Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12223, USA
Temilayo Adeyeye: Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, 1203 Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12223, USA
Jin-Wook Lee: Center for Social and Demographic Analysis, University at Albany, SUNY, 321 University Administration Building, Albany, NY 12222, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 17, 1-14

Abstract: We examined the association between variation in COVID-19 deaths and spatial differences in the racial, ethnic, and nativity-status composition of New York City neighborhoods, which has received little scholarly attention. Using COVID-19 mortality data (through 31 May 2021) and socioeconomic and demographic data from the American Community Survey at the Zip Code Tabulation Area level as well as United-Hospital-Fund-level neighborhood data from the Community Health Survey of the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, we employed multivariable Poisson generalized estimating equation models and assessed the association between COVID-19 mortality, racial/ethnic/nativity-status composition, and other ecological factors. Our results showed an association between neighborhood-level racial and ethnic composition and COVID-19 mortality rates that is contingent upon the neighborhood-level nativity-status composition. After multivariable adjustment, ZCTAs with large shares of native-born Blacks and foreign-born Hispanics and Asians were more likely to have higher COVID-19 mortality rates than areas with large shares of native-born Whites. Areas with more older adults and essential workers, higher levels of household crowding, and population with diabetes were also at high risk. Small-area analyses of COVID-19 mortality can inform health policy responses to neighborhood inequalities on the basis of race, ethnicity, and immigration status.

Keywords: COVID-19 mortality; minority health disparities; immigrant neighborhoods; New York City; spatial analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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