Misjudgement of One’s Own Performance? Exploring Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADHD) and Individual Difference in Complex Music and Foreign Language Perception

Christine Groß, Valdis Bernhofs, Eva Möhler and Markus Christiner ()
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Christine Groß: Jazeps Vitols Latvian Academy of Music, K. Barona Street 1, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
Valdis Bernhofs: Jazeps Vitols Latvian Academy of Music, K. Barona Street 1, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
Eva Möhler: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, G-66421 Homburg, Germany
Markus Christiner: Jazeps Vitols Latvian Academy of Music, K. Barona Street 1, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 19, 1-17

Abstract: In previous research, we detected that children and adolescents who were diagnosed with ADHD showed deficits in both complex auditory processing of musical stimuli and in musical performance when compared to controls. In this study, we were interested in whether we could detect similar or distinct findings when we use foreign speech perception tasks. Therefore, we recruited musically naïve participants ( n = 25), music-educated participants ( n = 25) and participants diagnosed with ADHD ( n = 25) who were assessed for their short-term memory (STM) capacity and the ability to discriminate music and speech stimuli and we collected self-ratings of the participants’ music and language performances. As expected, we found that young adults with ADHD show deficits in the perception of complex music and difficult speech perception stimuli. We also found that STM capacity was not impaired in young adults with ADHD and may not persist into young adulthood. In addition, subjective self-estimation about the participants’ language and music performances revealed that the ADHD group overestimated their performance competence relatively compared to both control groups. As a result, the findings of our study suggest that individuals diagnosed with ADHD require a special training program that not only focuses on improving performance in perceptual skills of music and language but also requires metacognitive training to develop realistic self-assessment skills.

Keywords: ADHD; complex stimuli processing; musicality; foreign language perception; short-term memory; self-evaluation; speech perception deficit; self-assessment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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