Effect of Supervised and Unsupervised Exercise Training in Outdoor Gym on the Lifestyle of Elderly People

Welmo A. Barbosa (), Carine Danielle F. C. Leite, Carlos H. O. Reis, Alexandre F. Machado, Valentina Bullo, Stefano Gobbo, Marco Bergamin, Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo, Rodrigo L. Vancini, Julien S. Baker, Roberta L. Rica and Danilo S. Bocalini
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Welmo A. Barbosa: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
Carine Danielle F. C. Leite: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
Carlos H. O. Reis: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
Alexandre F. Machado: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
Valentina Bullo: Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
Stefano Gobbo: Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
Marco Bergamin: Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
Ana Paula Lima-Leopoldo: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil
Rodrigo L. Vancini: MoveAgeLab, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-010, ES, Brazil
Julien S. Baker: Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
Roberta L. Rica: Department of Physical Education, Estacio de Sá University, Vitoria 22640-102, ES, Brazil
Danilo S. Bocalini: Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus Goiabeiras, Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, Vitória 29075-910, ES, Brazil

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 21, 1-11

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of supervised and unsupervised physical training programs using outdoor gym equipment on the lifestyles of elderly people. Methods: physically independent elderly people were randomly distributed into three groups: supervised training (n: 20; ST), unsupervised training (n: 20; UT) and control (n: 20; C). The ST and UT groups completed a 12-week program, with exercises performed three times a week. The ST group underwent weekly 30 min sessions consisting of a 5 min warm-up (walking at 60% of HR max ), followed by 20 sets of 30, “monitored by a metronome with 30” of passive recovery between sets and a five-minute cool-down. The following equipment was used: elliptical, rowing, surfing and leg press. The UT group was instructed to freely attend the gym and train spontaneously using the same equipment used by ST. Lifestyle changes were evaluated using a questionnaire containing specific domains. Results: no significant differences were identified in the domains for family, physical activity, nutrition, smoking, sleep, behavior, introspection, work and overall score; however, the values corresponding to the alcohol domain for the ST and UT groups were lower ( p < 0.05) than the C group, remaining even lower after the 12 weeks of intervention. Time effect ( p < 0.05) was found only in the ST group for the physical domains, sleep, behavior and overall score. Conclusion: elderly people submitted to supervised and unsupervised physical exercise programs using outdoor gym equipment present positive changes in lifestyle parameters compared to physical inactive elderly people.

Keywords: aging; physical exercises; lifestyle; outdoor equipment (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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