Effects of a Healthy Diet on Reducing Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome and Improving Quality of Life among Omani Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Open-Label Trial

Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi (), Zalikha Al Belushi (), Amal Al Amri, Rawan Al Musharrafi, Fathiya Al Rashdi, Sanjay Jaju, Asma Al Shidhani and Abdulaziz Al Mahrezi
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Maisa Hamed Al Kiyumi: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Zalikha Al Belushi: Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman
Amal Al Amri: Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman
Rawan Al Musharrafi: Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman
Fathiya Al Rashdi: Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman
Sanjay Jaju: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Asma Al Shidhani: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
Abdulaziz Al Mahrezi: Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 24, 1-13

Abstract: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) continues to impact the health outcomes and emotional well-being of reproductive-age women, globally. Several studies have provided conflicting evidence concerning the role of dietary approaches in improving PMS symptoms. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of a healthy diet and motivational strategies on PMS symptoms and health-related quality of life among Omani adolescents. This open-label, randomized, prospective controlled trial was conducted at two randomly selected secondary schools, in Al Seeb Willayah, in Muscat region. Adolescents with PMS symptoms, who were in grade 10 or 11, aged 16 years or above, had regular menstrual cycles, and were not known to have psychiatric disorder were included in this study. Participants in the intervention group received an individual face-to-face dietary consultation and motivational phone consultation. The health outcomes, including the PMS symptoms in both groups, and quality of life, were recorded using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems questionnaire (DRSP) and the 14-item Self-Reporting-Based Perceived Stress Scale tools, respectively. The primary outcome was the difference in the mean premenstrual symptom scores between the two groups. Secondary outcomes included the quality of life and stress levels of participants. The study period was from 1 February and ended 30 June 2021. SPSS was used to analyze the data, and intention-to-treat analysis was utilized. A total of 72 adolescents with PMS were randomized into intervention and control groups ( n = 36 each). Both groups were similar at baseline ( p -value > 0.05). No significant association was found between a healthy diet and PMS symptoms ( p -value > 0.05). In addition, no significant association was found between a healthy diet and quality of life at follow-up ( p -value = 0.216). The outcomes of this study refuted any possible relationships between a healthy diet and PMS symptoms. Accordingly, dietary consultations may not facilitate the clinical management of PMS symptoms in adolescent females.

Keywords: premenstrual syndrome; adolescent gynecology; diet; health-related quality of life; motivational follow-up; perceived stress scores (PSS) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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