Smart Walk: A Culturally Tailored Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction among African American Women

Rodney P. Joseph (), Michael Todd, Barbara E. Ainsworth, Sonia Vega-López, Marc A. Adams, Kevin Hollingshead, Steven P. Hooker, Glenn A. Gaesser and Colleen Keller
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Rodney P. Joseph: Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Michael Todd: College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Barbara E. Ainsworth: School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
Sonia Vega-López: College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Marc A. Adams: College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Kevin Hollingshead: College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Steven P. Hooker: College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Glenn A. Gaesser: College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
Colleen Keller: Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 500 N 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-25

Abstract: This article reports the results of Smart Walk : a randomized pilot trial of an 8-month culturally tailored, smartphone-delivered physical activity (PA) intervention for African American women with obesity. Sixty participants (age range = 24–49 years; BMI range = 30–58 kg/m 2 ) were randomized to the Smart Walk intervention (n = 30) or a wellness comparison intervention (n = 30). Results supported the acceptability and feasibility of the intervention, as demonstrated by participant retention (85% at 4 months and 78% at 8 months), Smart Walk app use, and intervention satisfaction (i.e., 100% of PA participants completing the intervention [n = 24] reported they would recommend it to friend). Smart Walk participants also reported greater increases in moderate-to-vigorous PA (4-month between-arm difference in change [b] = 43.3 min/week; p = 0.018; Cohen’s d = 0.69; 8-month b = 56.6 min/week; p = 0.046; d = 0.63) and demonstrated clinically relevant, although not statistically significant ( p -values > 0.05), baseline to 4 months improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (b = 1.67 mL/kg/min; d = 0.40), systolic blood pressure (b = −3.33 mmHg; d = 0.22), diastolic blood pressure (b = −4.28 mmHg; d = 0.37), and pulse wave velocity (b = −0.46 m/s; d = 0.33). Eight-month cardiometabolic outcomes followed similar trends, but had high rates of missing data (45–53%) due to COVID-19 restrictions. Collectively, findings demonstrated favorable outcomes for acceptability and feasibility, while also highlighting key areas for refinement in future research.

Keywords: exercise; physical activity; Black women; women’s health; health disparities; health equity; cardiovascular disease; type 2 diabetes; health promotion; mHealth (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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