Reliability and Validity Estimate of the Pro-Inflammatory/Anti-Inflammatory Food Intake Score in South American Pediatric Population: SAYCARE Study

Lívia Gabriele Azevedo-Garcia (), Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal, Juan Carlos Aristizabal, Gabriela Berg, Heráclito B. Carvalho and Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes
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Lívia Gabriele Azevedo-Garcia: YCARE (Youth/Child and Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Francisco Leonardo Torres-Leal: Metabolic Diseases, Exercise and Nutrition (DOMEN) Research Group, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil
Juan Carlos Aristizabal: Grupo de Investigación en Fisiología y Bioquímica (PHYSIS), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Gabriela Berg: Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Bioquímica Clínica I, Junín 956, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
Heráclito B. Carvalho: YCARE (Youth/Child and Cardiovascular Risk and Environmental) Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
Augusto César Ferreira De Moraes: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health Austin Campus, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, Austin, TX 78701, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: Chronic low-grade inflammation may be associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in young populations, often lasting to adulthood. Studies show that the diet is related to chronic inflammation. The Pro-inflammatory/Anti-inflammatory Food Intake Score (PAIFIS) is an indicator that measures the inflammatory potential of the diet, with the help of validated tools that assess food consumption. The validation of tools that assess inflammatory dietary patterns in young populations to produce valid and reliable results is essential to guide disease prevention strategies for adulthood. Methods: This study aimed to estimate the Pro-inflammatory/Anti-inflammatory Food Intake Score (PAIFIS) in children and adolescents in South America and to test its reliability and validity using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and an inflammatory biomarker. This work consists of a validation study in a sample of children and adolescents conducted in South America (SAYCARE Study). The habitual consumption of food contributing to calculating the PAIFIS was obtained through an FFQ and 24 h Dietary Recall (24HDR). Reliability was tested using the FFQ (FFQ1 × FFQ2), using Spearman’s correlation coefficient to estimate the agreement between measurements. The validity of the PAIFIS was tested using 24HDR and the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein (CRP) using Spearman’s correlation and multilevel linear regression. Results: For children and adolescents, pro- and anti-inflammatory food groups showed Spearman’s correlation coefficients ranging from 0.31 to 0.66, convergent validity ranging from 0.09 to 0.40, and criterion validity for a reliability range from −0.03 to 0.18. The PAIFIS showed Spearman’s correlation coefficients for reliability ranging from 0.61 to 0.69, convergent validity from 0.16 to 0.23, and criterion validity from −0.03 to 0.24. Conclusion: The PAIFIS showed acceptable reliability, weak convergent validity, and weak criterion validity in children and adolescents.

Keywords: validation study; dietary inflammatory index; food frequency questionnaire; inflammatory biomarker; inflammation; pediatric (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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