Frailty Index as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older People: A Prospective Analysis of Chilean Adults

Felipe Diaz-Toro, Gabriela Nazar, Claudia Troncoso, Yeny Concha-Cisternas, Ana Maria Leiva-Ordoñez, Maria Adela Martinez-Sanguinetti, Solange Parra-Soto, Nicole Lasserre-Laso, Igor Cigarroa, Lorena Mardones, Jaime Vásquez-Gómez, Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Ximena Diaz-Martinez () and Carlos Celis-Morales
Additional contact information
Felipe Diaz-Toro: Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
Gabriela Nazar: Departamento de Psicología y Centro de Vida Saludable, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
Claudia Troncoso: Centro de Investigación en Educación y Desarrollo (CIEDE-UCSC), Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4070129, Chile
Yeny Concha-Cisternas: Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 8370003, Chile
Ana Maria Leiva-Ordoñez: Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
Maria Adela Martinez-Sanguinetti: Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
Solange Parra-Soto: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Nicole Lasserre-Laso: Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
Igor Cigarroa: Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile
Lorena Mardones: Laboratorio de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4090541, Chile
Jaime Vásquez-Gómez: Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
Fanny Petermann-Rocha: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
Ximena Diaz-Martinez: Grupo de Investigación Calidad de Vida, Universidad del Biobío, Chillán 4300818, Chile
Carlos Celis-Morales: BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-11

Abstract: We aimed to investigate the association between frailty status and all-cause mortality in middle-aged and older people. We included 2661 individuals aged ≥ 35 from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009–2010. Mortality was determined through linkage with the Chilean Civil Registry and Identification. A 36-item frailty index (FI) was used to assess the frailty status. Associations between frailty status and all-cause mortality were assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. A non-linear association was investigated using penalized cubic splines fitted in the Cox models. During an 8.9 median follow-up (interquartile range of 8.6–9.0), 308 individuals died (11.5%). Lower survival rates were observed in frail individuals compared to pre-frail and robust people (log-rank < 0.001). Compared with robust individuals, frail people had a higher mortality risk (HR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.57 to 3.51]). Frail middle-aged individuals had a higher risk of dying independently of major risk factors.

Keywords: frailty; mortality; middle-aged; Chile (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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