Effect of the Marine Exercise Retreat Program on Thyroid-Related Hormones in Middle-Aged Euthyroid Women

Hangjin Byeon, Yesol Moon, Seoeun Lee, Gwang-Ic Son and Eunil Lee ()
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Hangjin Byeon: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Yesol Moon: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Seoeun Lee: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Gwang-Ic Son: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Eunil Lee: Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a marine exercise retreat program on thyroid-related hormone levels. A total of 62 middle-aged euthyroid women participated in a 6-day marine exercise retreat program. Using thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) hormone levels, the participants were divided into high and low-hormone-level groups. Despite decreased TSH and fT4 levels after the program, the factors influencing changes in each group were different. TSH levels were influenced by changes in the normalized low frequency (nLF) of heart rate variability and carbon monoxide (CO) from all the participants, and changes in body fat percentage, nLF, and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure level in the high TSH group. fT4 levels were influenced by changes in body mass index (BMI), NO 2 exposure, and particulate matter diameter of 10 µm or less (PM 10 ) exposure in all participants. Changes in BMI and CO exposure influenced the low fT4 group. Lastly, changes in the exercise stress test affected the high fT4 group. Thus, the marine exercise retreat program affected euthyroid thyroid-related hormone levels, and influencing factors differ depending on the initial value of the hormone.

Keywords: thyroid hormones; TSH; Free T4; marine retreat program; blue-space; heart rate variability; euthyroid (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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