Effects of Upper Blepharoplasty Techniques on Headaches, Eyebrow Position, and Electromyographic Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Maria H.J. Hollander (), Johannes H. van der Hoeven, Koen H.M. Verdonschot, Konstantina Delli, Arjan Vissink, Johan Jansma and Rutger H. Schepers
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Maria H.J. Hollander: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Johannes H. van der Hoeven: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Koen H.M. Verdonschot: Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Konstantina Delli: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Arjan Vissink: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Johan Jansma: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
Rutger H. Schepers: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-18

Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess changes in headaches, eyebrow height, and electromyographic (EMG) outcomes of the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles, after an upper blepharoplasty with or without resecting a strip of orbicularis oculi muscle. In a randomized controlled trial, 54 patients received an upper blepharoplasty involving either only removing skin (group A) or removing skin with an additional strip of orbicularis muscle (group B). Preoperative, and 6 and 12 months postoperative headache complaints were assessed using the HIT-6 scores and eyebrow heights were measured on standardised photographs. Surface EMG measurements, i.e., electrical activity and muscle fatigue, were assessed for the frontalis and orbicularis oculi muscles preoperatively and 2, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Significantly fewer headaches were reported following a blepharoplasty. The eyebrow height had decreased, but did not differ between groups. Regarding the surface EMG measurements, only group A’s frontalis muscle electrical activity had decreased significantly during maximal contraction 12 months after surgery (80 vs. 39 mV, p = 0.026). Fatigue of both the frontalis and the orbicularis oculi muscles did not change significantly postoperatively compared to baseline. EMG differences between groups were minor and clinically insignificant. The eyebrow height decreased and patients reported less headaches after upper blepharoplasty irrespective of the used technique.

Keywords: blepharoplasty; eyelid correction; EMG; electromyography; headache (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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