Difference in All-Cause Mortality between Unemployed and Employed Black Men: Analysis Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III

Paul Delgado (), Dulcie Kermah, Paul Archibald, Mopileola T. Adewumi, Caryn N. Bell and Roland J. Thorpe
Additional contact information
Paul Delgado: Office of Medical Student Research, OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
Dulcie Kermah: Urban Health Institute Student Research Core Charles R., Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
Paul Archibald: Department of Social Work, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
Mopileola T. Adewumi: Office of Medical Student Research, OSU College of Osteopathic Medicine, Tulsa, OK 74107, USA
Caryn N. Bell: Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
Roland J. Thorpe: Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 2, 1-7

Abstract: The Black-White racial employment disparity and its link to mortality have demonstrated the health benefits obtained from employment. Further, racial/ethnic mortality disparities existing among men with different employment statuses have been previously documented. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between employment status and all-cause mortality among Black men. Data for the study was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III 1988–1994 linked to the NHANES III Linked Mortality File. Cox proportional hazard models were specified to examine the association between health behaviors and mortality in Black men by employment status. Among those who were assumed alive (n = 1354), 41.9% were unemployed. In the fully adjusted model, unemployed Black men had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval or CI [1.33, 1.92]) compared to Black men who were employed. These results highlight the impact of employment on all-cause mortality among unemployed Black men and underscore the need to address employment inequalities to reduce the mortality disparities among Black men.

Keywords: mortality; employment; unemployment; Black men (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1594/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/2/1594/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:2:p:1594-:d:1036984

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().