Exploiting the Waste Biomass of Durian Shell as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production at Room Temperature

Che Zhao, Hongyuan Chen, Xiao Wu and Rui Shan ()
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Che Zhao: School of Naval Architecture and Maritime, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
Hongyuan Chen: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Xiao Wu: Fisheries College, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
Rui Shan: Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-10

Abstract: Durian shell, a biomass waste, was simply burned and then could serve as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification reaction of palm oil with methanol at room temperature. The chemical composition, structure, and morphology of the catalyst were well-characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, EDS, TGA, FT-IR, and XPS measurement. With the preparation temperature rising to 350 °C, the maximum yield of the biodiesel could reach 94.1% at room temperature, and the optimum reaction conditions were 8 wt.% catalyst, 8:1 methanol/oil molar ratio, ad 2.5 h reaction time. The characterizations results indicated that K 2 O and K 2 CO 3 existed on the surface of catalyst, and a moderate amount of carbon, which acts as a carrier, attributed to the activity of the catalyst. After repeating five times, the catalyst prepared at 350 °C showed better stability than other catalysts. This might be because the incomplete combustion of the remaining carbon slowed down the loss of K to some extent.

Keywords: waste biomass; durian shell; transesterification; heterogeneous; biodiesel (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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