Lessons Learned from the Lessons Learned in Public Health during the First Years of COVID-19 Pandemic

Alessia Marcassoli, Matilde Leonardi, Marco Passavanti, Valerio De Angelis, Enrico Bentivegna, Paolo Martelletti and Alberto Raggi
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Alessia Marcassoli: Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
Matilde Leonardi: Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
Marco Passavanti: Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy
Valerio De Angelis: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
Enrico Bentivegna: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
Paolo Martelletti: Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy
Alberto Raggi: Neurology, Public Health, Disability Unit and Coma Research Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: (1) Objectives: to investigate the main lessons learned from the public health (PH) response to COVID-19, using the global perspective endorsed by the WHO pillars, and understand what countries have learned from their practical actions. (2) Methods: we searched for articles in PubMed and CINAHL from 1 January 2020 to 31 January 2022. 455 articles were included. Inclusion criteria were PH themes and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. One hundred and forty-four articles were finally included in a detailed scoping review. (3) Findings: 78 lessons learned were available, cited 928 times in the 144 articles. Our review highlighted 5 main lessons learned among the WHO regions: need for continuous coordination between PH institutions and organisations (1); importance of assessment and evaluation of risk factors for the diffusion of COVID-19, identifying vulnerable populations (2); establishment of evaluation systems to assess the impact of planned PH measures (3); extensive application of digital technologies, telecommunications and electronic health records (4); need for periodic scientific reviews to provide regular updates on the most effective PH management strategies (5). (4) Conclusion: lessons found in this review could be essential for the future, providing recommendations for an increasingly flexible, fast and efficient PH response to a healthcare emergency such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19; public health; lessons learned; World Health Organization; risk factors; digital technologies; coordination (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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