Benzo[A]Pyrene Biodegradation by Multiple and Individual Mesophilic Bacteria under Axenic Conditions and in Soil Samples

Alexis Nzila (), Musa M. Musa, Emmanuel Afuecheta, Assad Al-Thukair, Saravanan Sankaran, Lei Xiang and Qing X. Li
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Alexis Nzila: Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Musa M. Musa: Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Emmanuel Afuecheta: Departments of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Assad Al-Thukair: Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Saravanan Sankaran: Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Lei Xiang: Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Qing X. Li: Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-14

Abstract: To date, only a handful of bacterial strains that can independently degrade and utilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as the sole carbon source has been isolated and characterized. Here, three new bacterial strains—JBZ1A, JBZ2B, and JBZ5E—were isolated from contaminated soil and, using 16S rRNA sequencing, were identified as Brad rhizobium japonicum , Micrococcus luteus , and Bacillus cereus , respectively. The growth ability of each individual strain and a consortium of all strains in the presence of BaP (4–400 µmol·L −1 , pH 7, 37 °C) was identified by the doubling time (dt). The results illustrate that dt decreased with increasing BaP concentrations for individual strains and the consortium. The optimum growth conditions of the consortium were 37 °C, 0.5% NaCl ( w / v ), and pH 7. Under these conditions, the degradation rate was 1.06 µmol·L −1 ·day −1 , whereas that of individual strains ranged from 0.9 to 0.38 µmol·L −1 ·day −1 . B. cereus had the strongest contribution to the consortium’s activity, with a degradation rate of 0.9 µmol·L −1 ·day −1 . The consortium could also remove BaP spiked with soil but at a lower rate (0.01 µmol L −1 .day −1 ). High-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry permitted the detection of the metabolites of these strains, and a biodegradation pathway is proposed.

Keywords: bioremediation; polyaromatic hydrocarbons; bacterial consortia; chromatography; mass spectrometry (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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