Assessment of the Maximum Amount of Orthodontic Force for PDL in Intact and Reduced Periodontium (Part I)

Radu Andrei Moga (), Cristian Doru Olteanu, Mircea Botez and Stefan Marius Buru
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Radu Andrei Moga: Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Motilor 33, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Cristian Doru Olteanu: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Str. Avram Iancu 31, 400083 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mircea Botez: Department of Structural Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Str. Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Stefan Marius Buru: Department of Structural Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Str. Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: This study examines 0.6 N and 1.2 N as the maximum orthodontic force for periodontal ligament (PDL) at multiple levels of periodontal breakdown, and the relationships with the ischemic, necrotic, and resorptive risks. Additionally, this study evaluates if Tresca failure criteria is more adequate for the PDL study. Eighty-one 3D models (from nine patients; nine models/patients) with the 2nd lower premolar and different degrees of bone loss (0–8 mm) where subjected to intrusion, extrusion, rotation, translation, and tipping movements. Tresca shear stress was assessed individually for each movement and bone loss level. Rotation and translation produced the highest PDL stresses, while intrusion and extrusion determined the lowest. Apical and middle third PDL stresses were lower than the cervical stress. In intact periodontium, the amount of shear stress produced by the two investigated forces was lower than the 16 KPa of the maximum physiological hydrostatic pressure (MHP). In reduced periodontium (1–8 mm tissue loss), the apical amount of PDL shear stress was lower than MHP for both applied forces, while cervically for rotation, translation and tipping movements exceeded 16 KPa. Additionally, 1.2 N could be used in intact periodontium (i.e., without risks) and for the reduced periodontium only in the apical and middle third of PDL up to 8 mm of bone loss. However, for avoiding any resorptive risks, in the cervical third of PDL, the rotation, translation, and tipping movements require less than 0.2–0.4 N of force after 4 mm of loss. Tresca seems to be more adequate for the study of PDL than other criteria.

Keywords: maximum orthodontic force for PDL; periodontal breakdown; maximum hydrostatic pressure; ischemic and necrotic risks; orthodontic movements; finite elements analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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