Older Adults Who Maintained a Regular Physical Exercise Routine before the Pandemic Show Better Immune Response to Vaccination for COVID-19

Brenda Rodrigues Silva (), Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro, Kizzy Cezário, Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Vitória Paixão, Ewin Barbosa Almeida, Carlos André Freitas dos Santos, Gislene Rocha Amirato, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Edison Luiz Durigon, Andressa Simões Aguiar, Rodolfo P. Vieira, Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos, Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado, Carolina Nunes França, Marina Tiemi Shio and André Luis Lacerda Bachi
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Brenda Rodrigues Silva: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
Kizzy Cezário: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
Jônatas Bussador do Amaral: ENT Research Lab., Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
Vitória Paixão: ENT Research Lab., Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
Ewin Barbosa Almeida: ENT Research Lab., Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil
Carlos André Freitas dos Santos: Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04020-050, Brazil
Gislene Rocha Amirato: Mane Garrincha Sports Education Center, Sports Department of the Municipality of Sao Paulo (SEME), São Paulo 04039-034, Brazil
Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira: Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, Brazil
Edison Luiz Durigon: Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
Andressa Simões Aguiar: Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil
Rodolfo P. Vieira: Post-graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás (Unievangelica), Av Universitária km 3,5, Anápolis-Go 75083-515, Brazil
Juliana de Melo Batista dos Santos: Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05360-000, Brazil
Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado: Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Applied Research Institute, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços—S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal
Carolina Nunes França: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
Marina Tiemi Shio: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
André Luis Lacerda Bachi: Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo 04829-300, Brazil

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the specific-antibody response to the COVID-19 vaccination and the immunophenotyping of T cells in older adults who were engaged or not in an exercise training program before the pandemic. Methods: Ninety-three aged individuals (aged between 60 and 85 years) were separated into 3 groups: practitioners of physical exercise vaccinated with CoronaVac (PE-Co, n = 46), or vaccinated with ChadOx-1 (PE-Ch, n = 23), and non-practitioners vaccinated with ChadOx-1 (NPE-Ch, n = 24). Blood samples were collected before (pre) and 30 days after vaccination with the second vaccine dose. Results. Higher IgG levels and immunogenicity were found in the PE-Ch and NPE-Ch groups, whereas increased IgA levels were found only in the PE-Ch group post-vaccination. The PE-Co group showed a positive correlation between the IgA and IgG values, and lower IgG levels post-vaccination were associated with age. Significant alterations in the percentage of naive (CD28+CD57-), double-positive (CD28+CD57+), and senescent (CD28-CD57+) CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were found post-vaccination, particularly in the PE-Ch group. Conclusions: The volunteers vaccinated with the ChadOx-1 presented not only a better antibody response but also a significant modulation in the percentage of T cell profiles, mainly in the previously exercised group.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine; immunosenescence; antibody; lymphocyte; active lifestyle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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