Environmental Acceptability of Geotechnical Composites from Recycled Materials: Comparative Study of Laboratory and Field Investigations

Marija Đurić, Vesna Zalar Serjun, Ana Mladenovič, Alenka Mauko Pranjić, Radmila Milačič, Janez Ščančar, Janko Urbanc, Nina Mali, Alenka Pavlin, Janez Turk and Primož Oprčkal ()
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Marija Đurić: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Vesna Zalar Serjun: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Ana Mladenovič: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Alenka Mauko Pranjić: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Radmila Milačič: Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Janez Ščančar: Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Janko Urbanc: Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Nina Mali: Geological Survey of Slovenia, Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Alenka Pavlin: Termit d.d., Drtija 51, 1251 Moravče, Slovenia
Janez Turk: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Primož Oprčkal: Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: The environmental properties of three geotechnical composites made by recycling wastes were investigated on a laboratory scale and in the field with the use of lysimeters designated for the revitalization of degraded mining sites. Composites were prepared by combining the mine waste with paper-mill sludge and foundry sand (Composite 1), with digestate from municipal waste and paper ash (Composite 2), and with coal ash, foundry slag and waste incineration bottom ash (Composite 3). The results of laboratory leaching tests proved that Composites 1 and 3 are environmentally acceptable, according to the legislative limits, as the potentially hazardous substances were immobilized, while in Composite 2, the legislative limits were exceeded. In the field lysimeters, the lowest rate of leaching was determined for optimally compacted Composites 1 and 3, while for Composite 2 the leaching of Cu was high. This study proved that optimally installed Composites 1 and 3 are environmentally acceptable for use in construction as an alternative to virgin materials, for the revitalization of degraded mining sites or, along with Composite 2, for closure operations with landfills. In this way, locally available waste streams are valorised and channelized into a beneficial and sustainable recycling practice.

Keywords: waste; recycling; lysimeter; potentially hazardous substances; immobilization; revitalisation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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