Early Gastric Cancer: Update on Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment

Clara Benedetta Conti (), Stefano Agnesi, Miki Scaravaglio, Pietro Masseria, Marco Emilio Dinelli, Massimo Oldani and Fabio Uggeri
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Clara Benedetta Conti: Interventional Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
Stefano Agnesi: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
Miki Scaravaglio: Interventional Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
Pietro Masseria: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
Marco Emilio Dinelli: Interventional Endoscopy, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
Massimo Oldani: General Surgery Unit, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
Fabio Uggeri: Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Foundation IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-21

Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) is a relevant public health issue as its incidence and mortality rates are growing worldwide. There are recognized carcinogen agents, such as obesity, tobacco, meat, alcohol consumption and some dietary protective factors. Strategies of early diagnosis through population-based surveillance programs have been demonstrated to be effective in lowering the morbidity and mortality related to GC in some countries. Indeed, the detection of early lesions is very important in order to offer minimally invasive treatments. Endoscopic resection is the gold standard for lesions with a low risk of lymph node metastasis, whereas surgical mini-invasive approaches can be considered in early lesions when endoscopy is not curative. This review outlines the role of lifestyle and prevention strategies for GC, in order to reduce the patients’ risk factors, implement the surveillance of precancerous conditions and, therefore, improve the diagnosis of early lesions. Furthermore, we summarize the available treatments for early gastric cancer.

Keywords: early gastric cancer; gastric cancer; endoscopic submucosal dissection; Helicobacter pylori; upper endoscopy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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