Body Esteem and Self-Efficacy of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Agnieszka Bień (), Agnieszka Pieczykolan, Magdalena Korżyńska-Piętas and Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior
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Agnieszka Bień: Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
Agnieszka Pieczykolan: Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
Magdalena Korżyńska-Piętas: Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4/6 Staszica St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland
Joanna Grzesik-Gąsior: State University of Applied Sciences in Krosno, 6 KazimierzaWielkiego St., 38-400 Krosno, Poland

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-12

Abstract: The diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus provokes a change in a pregnant woman’s lifestyle, which may affect her well-being and precipitate a sense of loss of self-control over her own body. The perception of “body image” is not only physical appearance and physical attractiveness but also the emotional attitude to the body and beliefs about it. The aim of the study was to analyze the factors affecting body esteem and analyze the relationship between body esteem and self-efficacy in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted in the period from April 2019 to January 2021 among 287 women with gestational diabetes mellitus with the use of the following research tools: Body Esteem Scale (BES) and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The explanatory variables for the sexual attractiveness variable were age (β = 0.252; p = 0.006) and education (β = 0.334; p = 0.007), for the weight concern variable were age (β = 0.161; p = 0.005), BMI (β = 0.334; p = 0.005), and education (β = 0.252; p = 0.033), for the physical condition variable, were age (β = 0.096; p = 0.004) and education (β = 0.213; p = 0.006). Positive correlations were found between self-efficacy and body esteem in the aspects of sexual attractiveness ( p = 0.350), weight concern ( p = 0.296), and physical condition ( p = 0.286). Positive correlations were found between self-efficacy and body esteem in the aspects of sexual attractiveness ( p = 0.350), weight concern ( p = 0.296), and physical condition ( p = 0.286). Older women who had better education and a lower BMI rated their bodies better. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus, high self-efficacy determines a better perception of their bodies in all areas: sexual attractiveness, weight concern, and physical condition.

Keywords: pregnancy; gestational diabetes mellitus; body esteem; generalized self-efficacy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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