Is It Feasible to Predict Cardiovascular Risk among Healthy Vegans, Lacto-/Ovo-Vegetarians, Pescatarians, and Omnivores under Forty?

Izabela Kwiatkowska (), Jakub Olszak, Alicja Brożek, Anna Blacha, Marcin Nowicki, Kalina Maćkowiak, Piotr Formanowicz and Dorota Formanowicz ()
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Izabela Kwiatkowska: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Jakub Olszak: Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Alicja Brożek: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Anna Blacha: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Marcin Nowicki: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Kalina Maćkowiak: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
Piotr Formanowicz: Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Dorota Formanowicz: Department of Medical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-25

Abstract: Guidelines for cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment among young adults are uncertain. Researchers are still looking for new tools for earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), the leading cause of mortality in the modern world. This study aimed to assess whether CV risk estimation is possible in groups of healthy individuals under the age of 40 on different dietary patterns (vegans—VEGAN ( n = 48), lacto-/ovo-vegetarians—VEGE ( n = 49), pescatarians—PESCA ( n = 23), and omnivores—OMN ( n = 35)) during the pandemic period. Four metrics containing selected risk classifiers were created, and participants were assessed using them. Groups including meat consumption showed increased CV risk predictions in the metrics assessment. The next analyzes showed statistically significant relationships between the results from the created metrics and selected non-basic biomarkers for ApoA1 (OMN group, p = 0.028), IL-6 (PESCA group, p = 0.048), HCY (VEGAN group, p = 0.05), and hsCRP (OMN + PESCA groups, p = 0.025). We found that predicting CV risk among healthy people under 40 adhering to different dietary patterns, taking into account basic and non-basic laboratory assessments and created metrics, is challenging but feasible. Furthermore, the OMN group appeared to be at the highest risk of increased CV risk in the future, while risk tended to be the lowest in the VEGAN group.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk; cardiovascular risk factors; biomarkers; prediction; screening; vegans; vegetarians; pescatarians; omnivores; COVID-19; pandemic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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