Evaluation of Chemical Elements, Lipid Profiles, Nutritional Indices and Health Risk Assessment of European Eel ( Anguilla anguilla L.)

Joanna Łuczyńska (), Joanna Nowosad, Marek Jan Łuczyński and Dariusz Kucharczyk
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Joanna Łuczyńska: Department of Commodity and Food Analysis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland
Joanna Nowosad: Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Ecology of Waters, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Marek Jan Łuczyński: Department of Ichthyology, Hydrobiology and Ecology of Waters, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Dariusz Kucharczyk: Department of Research and Development, ChemProf, 11-041 Olsztyn, Poland

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: The concentrations of ten elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Hg, Cu, Mn, and Cd) and fatty acids were analyzed in muscles of the European eel ( Anguilla anguilla Linnaeus, 1758). The eels were caught in freshwater lakes connected with the Sawica River (north-eastern Poland). On this basis, it was determined whether the consumption of the fish is beneficial and safe for the health of the consumer. The results showed that the metal concentrations followed this order: K > Na > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Hg > Cu > Mn > Cd. The fatty acids gave rise to the following sequence: MUFAs > SFAs > n-3 PUFAs > n-6 PUFAs. The target hazard quotient (THQ) value was below 1.0. The hazard quotient for the benefit–risk ratio HQ EFA (0.39) also was below one, indicating that the intake of the recommended dose of EPA + DHA (250 mg/day) and the intake of mercury (0.415 mg/kg) for a person weighing 70 kg does not pose an obvious risk for human health. The lipid quality indices were OFA: 24.69, DFA: 74.36, AI: 0.55, and TI: 0.41. Based on the above statements, the consumption of eel meat is safe from a health point of view. However, the levels of toxic metals in the muscles of eels and their environment should continue to be monitored, as eels occupy a high position in the food chain.

Keywords: mineral component; heavy metals; THQ; MPI; quality indices; benefit–risk ratio; ratio FA:Hg (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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