Prevalence and Associations of Type 2 Diabetes Risk and Sociodemographic Factors in Saudi Arabia: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Reem F. Bamogaddam (), Yahya Mohzari, Fahad M. Aldosari, Ahmed A. Alrashed, Abdulaziz S. Almulhim, Sawsan Kurdi, Munirah H. Alohaydib, Ohoud M. Alotaibi, Amani Z. Alotaibi and Ahmad Alamer ()
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Reem F. Bamogaddam: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Yahya Mohzari: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Fahad M. Aldosari: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Ahmed A. Alrashed: Department of Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
Abdulaziz S. Almulhim: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
Sawsan Kurdi: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34221, Saudi Arabia
Munirah H. Alohaydib: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Ohoud M. Alotaibi: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Amani Z. Alotaibi: Department of Pharmaceutical Services, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 12746, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Alamer: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 16273, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-10

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with ever-increasing prevalence worldwide. In our study, we evaluated the prevalence of the risk of developing T2DM in Saudi Arabia and investigated associations between that risk and various sociodemographic characteristics. To those ends, a web-based cross-sectional survey of Saudi nationals without diabetes, all enrolled using snowball sampling, was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022. The risk of developing T2DM was evaluated using a validated risk assessment questionnaire (ARABRISK), and associations of high ARABRISK scores and sociodemographic variables were explored in multivariable logistic regression modeling. Of the 4559 participants, 88.1% were 18 to 39 years old, and 67.2% held a college or university degree. High ARABRISK scores were observed in 7.5% of the sample. Residing in a midsize city versus a large city was associated with a lower ARABRISK risk score ( p = 0.007), as were having private instead of governmental insurance ( p = 0.005), and being unemployed versus employed ( p < 0.001). By contrast, being married ( p < 0.001), divorced or widowed ( p < 0.001), and/or retired ( p < 0.001) were each associated with a higher ARABRISK score. A large representative study is needed to calculate the risk of T2DM among Saudi nationals.

Keywords: prevalence; diabetes mellitus (DM); prediabetes; Canadian risk (CANRISK); screening; Saudi Arabia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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