Are There Differences between the Stress Responses of Philippine Men and Women to the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Divya Periyakoil (), Preethi Periyakoil, Cherica A. Tee, Costas J. Spanos, Marie Diener-West, Michael Tee and Ndola Prata
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Divya Periyakoil: Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Preethi Periyakoil: Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
Cherica A. Tee: College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
Costas J. Spanos: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Marie Diener-West: Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Michael Tee: College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines
Ndola Prata: School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had a deleterious impact on human health since its beginning in 2019. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and determine if there were differential impacts on women compared to men. A web-based survey was conducted in the Luzon Islands of the Philippines, during the pandemic quarantine. A total of 1879 participants completed online surveys between 28 March–12 April 2020. A bivariate analysis of both men and women for each psychological measure (stress, anxiety, depression, and impact of COVID-19) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models were built for each measure, dichotomized as high or low, separately for men and women. Younger age ( p < 0.001), being married ( p < 0.001), and being a parent ( p < 0.004) were associated with women’s poor mental health. Marriage and large household size are protective factors for men ( p < 0.002 and p < 0.0012, respectively), but marriage may be a risk factor for women ( p < 0.001). Overall, women were disproportionately negatively impacted by the pandemic compared to men.

Keywords: women’s health; mental health; health disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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