How Confinement and Back to Normal Affected the Well-Being and Thus Sleep, Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders

Juan Ignacio Rosales Leal (), Cristian Sánchez Vaca, Aleksandra Ryaboshapka, Félix de Carlos Villafranca and Miguel Ángel Rubio Escudero
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Juan Ignacio Rosales Leal: Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Cristian Sánchez Vaca: Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Aleksandra Ryaboshapka: Department of Stomatology, Prosthodontics & Orofacial Pain Section, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Félix de Carlos Villafranca: Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, Orthodontics Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
Miguel Ángel Rubio Escudero: Department of Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Computer and Telecommunications Engineering, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-13

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic is having negative consequences not only for people’s general health but also for the masticatory system. This article aimed to assess confinement and its new normal impact on well-being, sleep, headaches, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). An anonymous survey was distributed to a Spanish university community. Participants completed a well-being index (WHO-5), a questionnaire related to sleep quality (the BEARS test), a headache diagnostic test (the tension type headache (TTH) and migraine diagnosis test), and the DC-TMD questionnaire. Questions were addressed in three scenarios: before confinement, during confinement, and the new normal. A total of 436 responses were collected (70% women, 30% men). A reduction in well-being and sleep quality was recorded. Respondents reported more TTH and migraines during and after confinement. Overall, confinement and return to normal did not increase TMD symptoms, and only minor effects were observed, such as more intense joint pain and a higher incidence of muscle pain in women during confinement. Reduced well-being is correlated with sleep quality loss, headaches, and TMD symptoms. This study provides evidence that pandemics and confinement might have had a negative impact on population health. Well-being was strongly affected, as were sleep quality, depression risk, TTH, and migraine frequency. In contrast, the temporomandibular joint and muscles showed more resilience and were only slightly affected.

Keywords: COVID-19; confinement; new normal; questionnaire; well-being; sleep; headaches; temporomandibular disorders (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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