Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Daniele Nucci, Mariateresa Nardi (), Andrea Cinnirella, Emanuela Campagnoli, Manuel Maffeo, Pier Mario Perrone, Viktoriia Shishmintseva, Francesca Maria Grosso, Ambra Castrofino, Silvana Castaldi, Luisa Romanò and Vincenza Gianfredi ()
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Daniele Nucci: Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
Mariateresa Nardi: Nutritional Support Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padua, Italy
Andrea Cinnirella: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Emanuela Campagnoli: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Manuel Maffeo: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Pier Mario Perrone: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Viktoriia Shishmintseva: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Francesca Maria Grosso: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Ambra Castrofino: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Silvana Castaldi: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Luisa Romanò: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy
Vincenza Gianfredi: Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Pascal, 20133 Milan, Italy

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer (PC) represents the 6th cause of cancer death. Although the aetiology of PC is not completely understood, numerous risk factors have been identified in association with this cancer, among them diet. However, little is known about the association between the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and the risk of PC. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis according to the PRISMA guidelines, searching on three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Both fixed and random effect models were performed. The Effect size was reported as a hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). A total of eight articles were included. The methodological quality of the included meta-analyses was high. Our results show that a higher adherence to the MedDiet is associated with a lower risk of PC [HR:0.82 (0.76–0.88) p < 0.001, based on 1,301,320 subjects]. The results were also confirmed in sensitivity and subgroups analyses (avoidance of potential overlapping effects, type of tools used to assess dietary intake and the diagnosis of PC, prevalence and incidence of PC risk, country where the studies took place, sex, and cancer site). Promoting a higher adherence to the MedDiet could be an effective approach to reduce the risk of PC.

Keywords: pancreatic cancer; Mediterranean diet; diet; systematic review; meta-analysis; pancreas (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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