ADHD Prevalence among Outpatients with Severe Opioid Use Disorder on Daily Intravenous Diamorphine and/or Oral Opioid Maintenance Treatment

Henrik Rohner (), Nikolas Gaspar, Helena Rosen, Tim Ebert, Laura Luisa Kilarski, Felix Schrader, Moaz Al Istwani, Anna Julia Lenz, Christoph Dilg, Andrea Welskop, Tatjana Goldmann, Ulrike Schmidt and Alexandra Philipsen
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Henrik Rohner: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Nikolas Gaspar: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Helena Rosen: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Tim Ebert: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Laura Luisa Kilarski: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Felix Schrader: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Moaz Al Istwani: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Anna Julia Lenz: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Christoph Dilg: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Andrea Welskop: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Tatjana Goldmann: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Ulrike Schmidt: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
Alexandra Philipsen: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-8

Abstract: (1) Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common comorbid condition in opioid use disorder (OUD) and is associated with a more severe course of substance use. Patients with severe OUD who have not responded to oral opioid maintenance treatment can be treated with intravenous diamorphine up to three times per day. Here, we investigated the prevalence of ADHD among patients undergoing either daily diamorphine maintenance treatment or daily oral opioid maintenance treatment. (2) Methods: We assessed all participants with the WURS-k and the ADHD-SR. The Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults (DIVA) was performed with all participants who met the cut-off in the WURS-k and/or ADHD-SR. (3) Results: The overall prevalence of ADHD was 17.9%. Prevalence of ADHD among patients undergoing daily diamorphine maintenance treatment was 14.3%. Prevalence of ADHD among patients undergoing daily oral opioid maintenance treatment was 20.3%. The combined presentation of ADHD was the most prevalent condition. In urine samples of participants with comorbid ADHD, heroin was detected the most and cocaine the least frequently. (4) Conclusions: Almost one out of five patients with OUD suffered from comorbid ADHD. In 83.3%, ADHD had not been diagnosed prior to participation in this study. Thus, patients with SUD could benefit from being routinely screened for ADHD.

Keywords: ADHD; diamorphine; SUD; prevalence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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