Association of Lung Fibrotic Changes and Cardiological Dysfunction with Comorbidities in Long COVID-19 Cohort

Ainur T. Tauekelova, Zhanar Kalila, Akerke Bakhtiyar, Zarina Sautbayeva, Polina Len, Aliya Sailybayeva, Sadyk Khamitov, Nazira Kadroldinova, Natasha S. Barteneva and Makhabbat S. Bekbossynova
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Ainur T. Tauekelova: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Zhanar Kalila: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Akerke Bakhtiyar: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Zarina Sautbayeva: School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Polina Len: School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Aliya Sailybayeva: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Sadyk Khamitov: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Nazira Kadroldinova: School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
Natasha S. Barteneva: School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
Makhabbat S. Bekbossynova: National Research Center for Cardiac Surgery, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: Background . Long COVID-19 symptoms appeared in many COVID-19 survivors. However, the prevalence and symptoms associated with long COVID-19 and its comorbidities have not been established. Methods . In total, 312 patients with long COVID-19 from 21 primary care centers were included in the study. At the six-month follow-up, their lung function was assessed by computerized tomography (CT) and spirometry, whereas cardiac function was assessed by electrocardiogram, Holter ECG, echocardiography, 24 h blood pressure monitoring, and a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results . Of the 312 persons investigated, significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and elevated NT-proBNP were revealed in participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was more frequently present in patients with hypertension. The most common registered CT abnormalities were fibrotic changes (83, 36.6%) and mediastinal lymphadenopathy (23, 10.1%). Among the tested biochemical parameters, three associations were found in long COVID-19 patients with hypertension but not diabetes: increased hemoglobin, fibrinogen, and ferritin. Nine patients had persisting IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions . We demonstrated a strong association between signs of cardiac dysfunction and lung fibrotic changes with comorbidities in a cohort of long COVID-19 subjects.

Keywords: long COVID-19; post-COVID-19; hypertension; diabetes; lung sequelae; cardiovascular sequalae; persisting IgM against SARS-CoV-2 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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