The Italian Validation of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Its Comparison with Three Time Perspective Inventories

Monica Martoni (), Marco Fabbri and Paolo Maria Russo
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Monica Martoni: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Marco Fabbri: Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Paolo Maria Russo: Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: The Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI) is the most well-known and widely used measure of time perspective. However, the assessment of the psychometric properties of the ZTPI reveals several problems, and various short versions have been proposed to overcome these problems. In a large Italian sample (N = 2295; 1326 women; age range 18–74 years), the present study aimed to test a short version of the ZTPI (ZTPI-16) defined by high frequency items (i.e., “good” items), reviewing the items composition of previous alternative short versions of the scale. Beyond the assessment of the factorial structure of this new short ZTPI, we compared the ZTPI-16 to the original ZTPI (ZTPI-56) and another already validated version of the ZTPI in the Italian context, such as Zimbardo’s Stanford time perspective inventory (ZTPI-22), the short version of the ZTPI (ZTPI-30), and the ZTPI-36 proposed analyzing the data from 24 countries. The results confirmed the psychometric problems of the ZTPI-56, whereas the ZTPI-16 reported adequate structural validity and reliability. Moderate-to-strong correlations between same temporal subscales in different ZTPI versions were also found. These data suggest that the review of the “good” items is a new direction in the development of ZTPI versions with good psychometric properties and comparable data among cultures.

Keywords: time perspective; Zimbardo time perspective inventory; psychometric properties; confirmatory factor analysis; exploratory structural equation modeling; reliability; high frequency items; ZTPI-16; Italian culture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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