Better Gingival Status in Patients with Comorbidity of Type 1 Diabetes and Thyroiditis in Comparison with Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and No Thyroid Disease—A Preliminary Study

Anna Duda-Sobczak, Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz and Marzena Wyganowska ()
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Anna Duda-Sobczak: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-830 Poznan, Poland
Dorota Zozulinska-Ziolkiewicz: Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Mickiewicza 2, 60-830 Poznan, Poland
Marzena Wyganowska: Chair and Department of Dental Surgery, Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-8

Abstract: Periodontal disease has been postulated as one of the chronic complications of diabetes. The prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is higher. The aim of the study was to determine the association between the presence of thyroiditis and gingival status in adults with T1D. A total of 264 patients, 119 men aged 18–45, diagnosed with T1D were included. For further analysis, the study group was divided into two subgroups, with or without autoimmune thyroiditis. Gingival status was assessed with the use of gingival indices. Patients diagnosed with T1D and thyroiditis presented lower plaque accumulation ( p = 0.01) and lower-grade gingivitis ( p = 0.02). Approximal Plaque Index (API) in all study groups correlated positively with age (Rs = 0.24; p = 0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (Rs = 0.22; p = 0.0008), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Rs = 0.18; p = 0.006), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) (Rs = 0.17; p = 0.009), total cholesterol (T-Chol) (Rs = 0.17; p = 0.01) and negatively with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (Rs = −0.2; p = 0.02). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis indicated TSH, BMI and gender as independent predictors of dental plaque accumulation in patients with T1D. Autoimmune thyroiditis was associated with a lower accumulation of dental plaque and better gingival status in patients with T1D.

Keywords: gingivitis; thyroiditis; type 1 diabetes; microvascular complications (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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