A Mediation Moderation Model between Self-Evaluative Emotions and Relapse Rate among Polysubstance Users: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Mujahid Iqbal, Yu Yan, Na Zhao (), Sumaira Mubarik, Silu Shrestha, Muzzamel Hussain Imran, Samrah Jamshaid and Najam ul Hasan Abbasi
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Mujahid Iqbal: Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, China
Yu Yan: Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, China
Na Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Sumaira Mubarik: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, China
Silu Shrestha: Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, China
Muzzamel Hussain Imran: Department of Religious Studies, School of Philosophy, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan 430072, China
Samrah Jamshaid: School of Psychology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
Najam ul Hasan Abbasi: Department of Education Sciences, Mianyang University, Mianyang 621000, China

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-17

Abstract: A substantial portion of drug abuse research has concentrated on people with a single-substance-use disorder (SSUD), but many people abuse more than one drug. Studies have yet to examine how those with polysubstance-use disorder (PSUD) differ from those with an SSUD on the risk of relapse, self-evaluative emotions (e.g., shame and guilt), and personality factors (e.g., self-efficacy). Eleven rehab facilities in Lahore city, Pakistan were randomly chosen to provide a sample of 402 males with PSUD. For comparison, 410 age-matched males with SSUD were enlisted using a demographic form with eight questions, the State Shame and Guilt Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Mediated moderation analysis was performed using Hayes’ process macro. The results demonstrate that shame-proneness is positively associated with relapse rate. Guilt-proneness mediates the relationship between shame-proneness and relapse rate. Self-efficacy buffers the influence of shame-proneness on relapse rate. Although the mediation and moderation effects were found in both study groups, these effects were significantly stronger among people with PSUD than those with SSUD. To be more specific, people with PSUD reported a higher overall score on shame, guilt, and relapse rate. Additionally, people with SSUD indicated a higher score on self-efficacy than those with PSUD. The findings of this study suggest that drug rehab facilities should implement a variety of strategies to raise drug users’ levels of self-efficacy, which will help to reduce their risk of relapse.

Keywords: shame-proneness; guilt-proneness; relapse rate; self-efficacy; polysubstance users; single-substance users; comparative study (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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