MALDI-TOF/MS Profiling of Whole Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid in Patients with the Invisalign System and Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Peter Bober (), Ivan Talian, Dávid Mihalik, Gabriela Verbová and Ján Sabo
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Peter Bober: Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
Ivan Talian: Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
Dávid Mihalik: Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
Gabriela Verbová: 1st Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia
Ján Sabo: Department of Medical and Clinical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of P.J. Šafárik in Košice, Trieda SNP 1, 04011 Košice, Slovakia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-11

Abstract: The movement of teeth by orthodontic treatment with the Invisalign (IN) system and fixed orthodontic appliances (FOA) is characterized by the reconstruction of periodontal ligaments, alveolar bone, and gingiva. A reflection of these phenomena can be found in the composition of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 samples from 45 participants (45 whole saliva and 45 GCF), including 15 patients with FOA, 15 patients with IN, and 15 patients with oral health, were subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis. Mass fingerprints were generated for each sample. Three models were tested: a quick classifier (QC), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a supervised neural network (SNN). For both groups of samples (saliva and GCF), the GA model showed the highest recognition abilities of 88.89% (saliva) and 95.56% (GCF). Differences between the treated (FOA and IN) groups and the control group in saliva and GCF samples were determined using cluster analysis. In addition, we monitored the effect of long-term orthodontic treatment (after 6 months) in the lag phase of orthodontic tooth movement. The results show increased levels of inflammatory markers (α-defensins), which may indicate an ongoing inflammatory process even after 21 days from force application.

Keywords: saliva; gingival crevicular fluid; Invisalign; fixed orthodontic appliances; proteomic analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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