Development of a Daily Living Self-Efficacy Scale for Older Adults in Japan

Mizue Suzuki (), Masahiro Shigeta, Takuya Kanamori, Marika Yokomichi, Masayo Uchiyama, Keigo Inagaki, Tomoyoshi Naito, Hajime Ooshiro and Yatami Asai
Additional contact information
Mizue Suzuki: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Masahiro Shigeta: School of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
Takuya Kanamori: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Marika Yokomichi: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Masayo Uchiyama: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Keigo Inagaki: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Tomoyoshi Naito: School of Medicine, Hamamatsu University, 1-20-1 Handayama, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
Hajime Ooshiro: Totomi Hospital, Hamamatsu 434-0012, Japan
Yatami Asai: Seirei Mikatahara General Hospital, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Japan

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-15

Abstract: Objectives: Older adults tend to experience decreased enjoyment and fulfillment in life, social interactions, and independent living, with aging. These situations often result in lower levels of daily living self-efficacy in activities, which is one of the factors resulting in a decline in the quality of life (QOL) among older individuals. For this reason, interventions that help maintain daily living self-efficacy among older adults may also help maintain a good QOL. The objective of this study was to develop a daily living self-efficacy scale for the elderly that can be used to evaluate the effects of interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy. Methods: An expert meeting involving specialists in dementia treatment and care was held, to prepare a draft for a daily living self-efficacy scale. In the meeting, previous studies on self-efficacy among older adults, which were collected in advance, were reviewed, and the experiences of the specialists were discussed. Based on the reviews and discussions, a draft of a daily living self-efficacy scale comprising 35 items was prepared. This study on daily living self-efficacy was conducted from January 2021 to October 2021. The internal consistency and concept validity of the scale were evaluated based on the assessment data. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the 109 participants was 84.2 ± 7.3 years. The following five factors were extracted based on factor analysis: Factor 1, “Having peace of mind”; Factor 2, “Maintaining healthy routines and social roles”; Factor 3, “Taking personal care of oneself”; Factor 4, “Rising to the challenge”; and Factor 5, “Valuing enjoyment and relationships with others”. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient exceeded 0.7, thereby suggesting sufficiently high internal consistency. Covariance structure analysis confirmed sufficiently high concept validity. Conclusions: The scale developed in this study was confirmed to be sufficiently reliable and valid, and when used during dementia treatment and care to assess the levels of daily living self-efficacy among older adults, it is expected to contribute to the improvement of QOL among older adults.

Keywords: older adults; self-efficacy; daily living (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3292/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/4/3292/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:4:p:3292-:d:1067099

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().