Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jie Deng, Yirui Ma, Qiao Liu, Min Du, Min Liu () and Jue Liu ()
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Jie Deng: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Yirui Ma: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Qiao Liu: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Min Du: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Min Liu: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Jue Liu: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-12

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection has brought new challenges to the global prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, current studies suggest that there is still great uncertainty about the risk of severe COVID-19 and poor outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Random-effects inverse-variance models were used to evaluate the pooled prevalence (PP) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) of severity, outcomes and symptoms of reinfection. Random-effects were used to estimate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and its 95%CI of severity and outcomes between reinfections and primary infections. Nineteen studies involving a total of 34,375 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and 5,264,720 cases of SARS-CoV-2 primary infection were included in this meta-analysis. Among those SARS-CoV-2 reinfection cases, 41.77% (95%CI, 19.23–64.31%) were asymptomatic, and 51.83% (95%CI, 23.90–79.76%) were symptomatic, only 0.58% (95%CI, 0.031–1.14%) manifested as severe illness, and 0.04% (95%CI, 0.009–0.078%) manifested as critical illness. The PPs for SARS-CoV-2 reinfection-related hospitalization, admission to ICU, and death were, respectively, 15.48% (95%CI, 11.98–18.97%), 3.58% (95%CI, 0.39–6.77%), 2.96% (95%CI, 1.25–4.67%). Compared with SARS-CoV-2 primary infection cases, reinfection cases were more likely to present with mild illness (OR = 7.01, 95%CI, 5.83–8.44), and the risk of severe illness was reduced by 86% (OR = 0.14, 95%CI, 0.11–0.16). Primary infection provided some protection against reinfection and reduces the risk of symptomatic infection and severe illness. Reinfection did not contribute to extra risk of hospitalization, ICU, or death. It is suggested to scientifically understand the risk of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2, strengthen public health education, maintain healthy habits, and reduce the risk of reinfection.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; reinfection; severity; outcomes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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