Epidemiological Predictors of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test in Three Cohorts: Hospitalized Patients, Healthcare Workers, and Military Population, Serbia, 2020

Vesna Šuljagić (), Danijela Đurić-Petković, Srđan Lazić, Jovan Mladenović, Bojan Rakonjac, Dolores Opačić, Nenad Ljubenović, Biljana Milojković, Katarina Radojević, Ivana Nenezić and Nemanja Rančić
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Vesna Šuljagić: Department of Healthcare-Related Infection Control, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Danijela Đurić-Petković: Institute of Microbiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Srđan Lazić: Medical Faculty, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Jovan Mladenović: Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Bojan Rakonjac: Institute of Microbiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Dolores Opačić: Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Nenad Ljubenović: Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Biljana Milojković: Institute of Epidemiology, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Katarina Radojević: Torlak Institute of Virology, Vaccines, and Serums, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Ivana Nenezić: Department of Healthcare-Related Infection Control, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Nemanja Rančić: Medical Faculty, Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-13

Abstract: (1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a fast-moving pandemic. Diagnostic testing, aimed to identify patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, plays a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in different populations. (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate predictors associated with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 test results in hospitalized patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and military personnel (MP) during 2020, before the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines. Persons with a positive test result were compared with persons with a negative test result in three cohorts during the study period. (3) Results: A total of 6912 respondents were tested, and 1334 (19.3%) of them had positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results. Contact with a known COVID-19 case within 14 days ( p < 0.001; OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.25–1.76), fever ( p < 0.001; OR: 3.66; 95% CI: 3.04–4.41), cough ( p < 0.001; OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.59–2.30), headache ( p = 0.028; OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02–1.50), and myalgia/arthralgia ( p < 0.001; OR: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.65–2.42) were independently associated with positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in the cohort of MP. Furthermore, fever ( p < 0.001; OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.83–4.13), cough ( p < 0.001; OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.32–3.13), headache ( p = 0.008; OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.15–2.68), and myalgia/arthralgia ( p = 0.039; OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.02–2.45) were independently associated with positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in the cohort of HCWs. Moreover, independent predictors of positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in hospitalized patients were contact with a known COVID-19 case within 14 days ( p < 0.001; OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.71–3.83), fever ( p < 0.001; OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.38–2.59), pneumonia ( p = 0.041; OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.01–2.09), and neurological diseases ( p = 0.009; OR: 0.375; 95% CI: 0.18–0.78). (4) Conclusions: According to data gathered from cohorts of hospitalized patients, HCWs, and MP, before the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines in Serbia, we can conclude that predictors of positive PCR SARS-CoV-2 test results in MP and HCWs were similar. Accurate estimates of COVID-19 in different population groups are important for health authorities.

Keywords: healthcare workers; military personnel; SARS-CoV-2 test (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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