Determinants of Depressive Symptoms in People Living with HIV: Findings from a Population-Based Study with a Gender Perspective

Ivet Bayes-Marin, Laia Egea-Cortés, Jorge Palacio-Vieira, Andreu Bruguera, Jocelyn Mesías-Gazmuri, Josep M. Llibre, Emma Fernández, Arkaitz Imaz, Carlos G. Forero, Cristina Agustí, Laia Arbones-Fernández, José M. Miró, Jordi Casabona and Juliana Reyes-Ureña ()
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Ivet Bayes-Marin: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
Laia Egea-Cortés: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Jorge Palacio-Vieira: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Andreu Bruguera: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Jocelyn Mesías-Gazmuri: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Josep M. Llibre: Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Campus Can Ruti, 08916 Badalona, Spain
Emma Fernández: Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Arkaitz Imaz: Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
Carlos G. Forero: Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 08195 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Spain
Cristina Agustí: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Laia Arbones-Fernández: Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Mataró, 08304 Barcelona, Spain
José M. Miró: Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
Jordi Casabona: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
Juliana Reyes-Ureña: Centre of Epidemiological Studies of HIV/AIDS and STI of Catalonia (CEEISCAT), Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, 08916 Barcelona, Spain

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 4, 1-19

Abstract: Depressive symptoms are common among people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of depressive symptoms in PLWH in Spain. A total of 1060 PLWH participated in this cross-sectional study and completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The odds ratios for the presence of depressive symptoms were analyzed in a multivariable logistic regression model, including sociodemographic data, comorbidities, health-related behaviors, and social-environment-related variables. We found an overall prevalence of depressive symptoms of 21.42%; by subgroup, namely men, women, and transgender persons, prevalence was 18.13%, 32.81%, and 37.14%, respectively. Moreover, social isolation (OR = 1.05 [CI, 1.02–1.08]) and poor physical and mental quality of life (OR = 1.06 [CI, 1.02–1.09] and OR = 1.13 [CI, 1.09–1.17], respectively) were associated with depressive symptoms. As protective factors, we identified serodisclosure to more people (vs. none; OR = 0.39 [CI, 0.17–0.87]), satisfaction with social roles (OR = 0.86 [CI, 0.79–0.94]), better cognitive function (OR = 0.92 [CI, 0.89–0.95]), and sexualized drug use once in a lifetime (OR = 0.52 [CI, 0.29–0.93]). This study showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in PLWH, especially among women and transgender people. The association between psychosocial variables and depressive symptoms highlights the multidimensionality of the problem and identifies areas for intervention. This study found that the management of mental health issues is an area that needs to be improved and tailored to specific groups, with the aim of enhancing the well-being of PLWH.

Keywords: depressive symptoms; health-related quality of life; HIV/AIDS; gender; transgender (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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