Neurological Manifestations and Clinical Outcomes of Patients with COVID-19 in the Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Nada N. Alshehri, Maha A. AlQahtani, Fatima Riaz, Syed E. Mahmood (), Ausaf Ahmad, Nawal F. AbdelGhaffar, Abdulaziz H. Abdullah Almakfor, Fawziah M. Alahmari, Hanan Abdulmutal and Mojahed Hadi A. Rudainee
Additional contact information
Nada N. Alshehri: Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Medical City, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Maha A. AlQahtani: Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Medical City, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Fatima Riaz: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
Syed E. Mahmood: Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
Ausaf Ahmad: Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
Nawal F. AbdelGhaffar: Neurology Department, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 4240310, Egypt
Abdulaziz H. Abdullah Almakfor: Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Fawziah M. Alahmari: Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Hanan Abdulmutal: Neurology Section, Department of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Mojahed Hadi A. Rudainee: Internal Medicine Department, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-15

Abstract: COVID-19 patients also present with rheumatological problems, cardiac problems, and even neurological manifestations. However, the data are still insufficient at present to fill the gaps in our understanding of the neurological presentations of COVID-19. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to reveal the various neurological manifestations of patients with COVID-19 and to find the association between neurological manifestations and the clinical outcome. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Abha, in the Aseer region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, among COVID-19 patients aged 18 years or older who were admitted with the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 to the Aseer Central Hospital and Heart Center Hospital Abha. Non-probability convenient sampling was used. All the information was gathered by the principal investigator using a questionnaire including sociodemographic information, disease characteristics of COVID-19, neurological manifestations, and other complications. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). A total of 55 patients were included in the present study. About half of the patients were admitted to the ICU, and 18 (62.1%) patients died after 1 month of follow-up. Patients aged over 60 years had a 75% mortality rate. About 66.66% of patients with pre-existing neurological disorders died. Statistically significant associations were found between neurological symptoms such as cranial nerve symptoms and a poor outcome. A statistically significant difference was also found between laboratory parameters such as the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), total cholesterol (TC), creatinine, urea, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and the outcome. A statistically significant difference was also found between the use of medications such as antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and statins at the baseline and after a 1-month follow-up. Neurological symptoms and complications are not uncommon among COVID-19 patients. Most of these patients had poor outcomes. Further studies are required to provide more data and knowledge about this issue, including the possible risk factors and the long-term neurological consequences of COVID-19.

Keywords: neurological; manifestations; clinical; outcomes; patients; COVID-19; Saudi Arabia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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