The Protective Effect of Bariatric Surgery on the Development of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nikolaos Pararas, Anastasia Pikouli, Dionysios Dellaportas, Constantinos Nastos, Anestis Charalampopoulos, Mohamad Ayham Muqresh, George Bagias, Emmanouil Pikoulis and Dimitrios Papaconstantinou ()
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Nikolaos Pararas: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Anastasia Pikouli: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Dionysios Dellaportas: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Constantinos Nastos: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Anestis Charalampopoulos: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Mohamad Ayham Muqresh: College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al-Qassim 52726, Saudi Arabia
George Bagias: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Emmanouil Pikoulis: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
Dimitrios Papaconstantinou: Third Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-12

Abstract: Background: Obesity is a known risk factor for developing colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with the formation of precancerous colonic adenomas. Bariatric surgery (BRS) is considered to reduce the cancer risk in morbidly obese patients. However, the currently available literature yields contradicting results regarding the impact of bariatric surgery on the incidence of CRC. Methods: A systematic literature search of the Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and clinicaltrials.gov databases was undertaken following the PRISMA guidelines. A random effects model was selected. Results: Twelve retrospective cohort studies, incorporating a total of 6,279,722 patients, were eligible for inclusion in the final quantitative analysis. Eight studies originated from North America, while four reported on European patients. Patients in the Bariatric Surgery group exhibited a significantly reduced risk for developing colorectal cancer (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.4–0.8, p < 0.001), while sleeve gastrectomy was found to be significantly associated with a smaller incidence of CRC (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.36–0.83, p < 0.001), and gastric bypass and banding did not. Conclusions: A significant protective effect of BRS against the development of CRC is implied. In the present analysis, the incidence rate of colorectal cancer was approximately halved amongst the obese individuals that were operated on.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; obesity; bariatric surgery; meta-analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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