The Global Association between Egg Intake and the Incidence and Mortality of Ischemic Heart Disease—An Ecological Study

Norie Sugihara (), Yoshiro Shirai, Tomoko Imai, Ayako Sezaki, Chisato Abe, Fumiya Kawase, Keiko Miyamoto, Ayaka Inden, Takumi Kato, Masayo Sanada and Hiroshi Shimokata
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Norie Sugihara: Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8550, Japan
Yoshiro Shirai: Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
Tomoko Imai: Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Ayako Sezaki: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
Chisato Abe: Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Fumiya Kawase: Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Keiko Miyamoto: Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Ayaka Inden: Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Takumi Kato: Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
Masayo Sanada: Department of Nursing, Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
Hiroshi Shimokata: Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: The relationship between egg consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains controversial as there is still no clear answer regarding the relationship, with research limited to a few geographical regions. In the current study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the association between egg intake and IHD incidence (IHDi) and mortality (IHDd) using 28 years of international data from 1990 to 2018. Egg intake (g/day/capita) by country was obtained from the Global Dietary Database. Age-standard IHDi and IHDd rates per 100,000 subjects in each country were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database. The analysis included a total of 142 countries with populations of at least one million, for which all data were available from 1990 to 2018. Eggs are consumed worldwide, and regional differences in consumption are also shown. Utilizing IHDi and IHDd as objective variables and egg intake as an explanatory variable, the analysis was conducted using linear mixed models, which controlled for inter- and intra-country variation from year to year. The results showed a significant negative association between egg intake, and IHDi (−0.253 ± 0.117, p < 0.05) and IHDd (−0.359 ± 0.137, p < 0.05). The analysis was carried out using R 4.0.5. The results suggest that adequate egg intake might suppress IHDi and IHDd on a global scale.

Keywords: egg intake; ischemic heart disease; ecological study; longitudinal analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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