Changes in Community-Dwelling Elderly’s Activity and Participation Affecting Depression during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Miki Tanikaga (), Jun-ichi Uemura, Fumiko Hori, Tomomi Hamada and Masahiro Tanaka
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Miki Tanikaga: Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
Jun-ichi Uemura: Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20, Daiko-minami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
Fumiko Hori: Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
Tomomi Hamada: College of Business Administration and Information Science, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Aichi, Japan
Masahiro Tanaka: Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Nihon Fukushi University, 26-2 Higashihaemi-cho, Handa 475-0012, Aichi, Japan

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-18

Abstract: We determined the changes in the activity or participation of the community-dwelling elderly in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic and identified the activities leading to depression. This will allow us to evaluate rehabilitation interventions that can be used to minimize or eliminate the negative impact of COVID-19 on today’s community-dwelling elderly. Herein, demographics, activity or participation (Activity Card Sort-Japan version: ACS-JPN), the number of social networks (Lubben Social Network Scale: LSNS), and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale: GDS) were examined in 74 community-dwelling elderly in Japan from August to October 2020. A statistical analysis was conducted to determine the effect of demographics on GDS, LSNS, and ACS-JPN, to compare the activity retention rates of the four domains using ACS-JPN, and to extract the activities that might affect depression using a generalized linear model. The results show that the retention of leisure activity with a high physical demand (H-leisure) and sociocultural activities was significantly lower than instrumental activities of daily living and leisure activity with a low physical demand (L-leisure). L-leisure and the number of social networks were possible risk factors for depression during the pandemic. This study highlighted the importance of maintaining the number of L-leisure and social networks at home to prevent depression in community-dwelling elderly when they could not perform outdoor activities and direct interpersonal interaction.

Keywords: activity; participation; depression; COVID-19; community-based rehabilitation; community-dwelling elderly (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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