A Multifaceted Approach to the “Bare below the Elbow” Concept and Hand Hygiene Compliance among Healthcare Professionals—Multicenter Population-Based Study

Emilia Szumska, Przemyslaw Czajkowski, Michal Zablocki and Dorota Rozkiewicz
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Emilia Szumska: Medilab Sp. z o. o., Niedzwiedzia 60, 15-531 Bialystok, Poland
Przemyslaw Czajkowski: Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
Michal Zablocki: Medilab Sp. z o. o., Niedzwiedzia 60, 15-531 Bialystok, Poland
Dorota Rozkiewicz: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 5, 1-14

Abstract: Nosocomial infections remain an important issue for patient safety concerns. Since hospital infections are mainly connected with healthcare professionals’ routines, an increase in hand hygiene effectiveness through compliance with the “bare below the elbow” (BBE) concept could reduce the number of nosocomial infections. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate hand hygiene and to investigate healthcare professionals’ compliance with the BBE concept. We performed our study on a group of 7544 hospital professionals involved in patient care. During the national preventive action, questionnaires, demographic data, and hand hygiene preparations were recorded. Hand disinfection was verified by COUCOU BOX , containing a UV camera. We noted that 3932 (52.1%) persons complied with the BBE rules. Nurses and non-medical personnel were significantly more often classified as BBE rather than non-BBE (2025; 53.3% vs. 1776; 46.7%, respectively, p = 0.001 and 1220; 53.7% vs. 1057; 46.3%, p = 0.006). Different proportions were demonstrated for the groups of physicians—non-BBE (783; 53.3%) compared to BBE (687; 46.7%) ( p = 0.041). Healthcare workers from the BBE group statistically more often disinfected their hands correctly (2875/3932; 73.1%) compared to the non-BBE group (2004/3612; 55.5%) ( p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates the positive impact of compliance with the BBE concept on effective hand disinfection and patient safety. Therefore, education and infection-prevention actions should be popularized to improve the BBE policy’s effectiveness as well.

Keywords: bare below the elbow; BBE; disinfection; hand hygiene; antiseptics; infection prevention (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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