Heart Rate Recovery Assessed by Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: Relationship with Prognosis

Amy Dewar, Lindsy Kass, Robert C. M. Stephens, Nicholas Tetlow and Terun Desai ()
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Amy Dewar: Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
Lindsy Kass: Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
Robert C. M. Stephens: Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Nicholas Tetlow: Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
Terun Desai: Department of Psychology, Sport and Geography, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 6, 1-13

Abstract: Background: The use of exercise testing has expanded in recent decades and there is a wealth of information examining the prognostic significance of exercise variables, such as peak oxygen consumption or ventilatory measures whilst exercising. However, a paucity of research has investigated the use of recovery-derived parameters after exercise cessation. Heart rate recovery (HRR) has been considered a measure of the function of the autonomic nervous system and its dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular risk. Objectives: We aim to provide an overview of the literature surrounding HRR and its prognostic significance in patients with cardiovascular disease undertaking an exercise test. Data Sources: In December 2020, searches of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were performed using key search terms and Boolean operators. Study Selection: Articles were manually screened and selected as per the inclusion criteria. Results: Nineteen articles met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Disagreement exists in methodologies used for measuring and assessing HRR. However, HRR provides prognostic mortality information for use in clinical practice. Conclusions: HRR is a simple, non-invasive measure which independently predicts mortality in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease; HRR should be routinely incorporated into clinical exercise testing.

Keywords: heart rate recovery; exercise testing; heart failure; coronary artery disease; prognosis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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