Enzymatic Treatments for Biosolids: An Outlook and Recent Trends

Omar J. Quintero-García, Heilyn Pérez-Soler and Myriam A. Amezcua-Allieri ()
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Omar J. Quintero-García: Nanotechnology Division, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Heilyn Pérez-Soler: Nanotechnology Division, CINVESTAV-IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
Myriam A. Amezcua-Allieri: Biomass Conversion Division, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Mexico City 07730, Mexico

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 6, 1-18

Abstract: Wastewaters are nutrient-rich organic materials containing significant concentrations of different nutrients, dissolved and particulate matter, microorganisms, solids, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, including aromatic xenobiotics. This variety makes wastewater treatment a technological challenge. As a result of wastewater treatment, biosolids are generated. Biosolids, commonly called sewage sludge, result from treating and processing wastewater residuals. Increased biosolids, or activated sludge, from wastewater treatment is a major environmental and social problem. Therefore, sustainable and energy-efficient wastewater treatment systems must address the water crisis and environmental deterioration. Although research on wastewater has received increasing attention worldwide, the significance of biosolids treatments and valorization is still poorly understood in terms of obtaining value-added products. Hence, in this review, we established some leading technologies (physical, chemical, and biological) for biosolids pretreatment. Later, the research focuses on natural treatment by fungal enzymes to end with lignocellulosic materials and xenobiotic compounds (polyaromatic hydrocarbons) as a carbon source to obtain biobased chemicals. Finally, this review discussed some recent trends and promising renewable resources within the biorefinery approach for bio-waste conversion to value-added by-products.

Keywords: wastewater; biosolids; pretreatment; liquid state conversion; lignocellulosic materials; fungal enzymes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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