Sleep Patterns during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

Noelia Ruiz-Herrera, Amparo Díaz-Román, Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme and Raúl Quevedo-Blasco ()
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Noelia Ruiz-Herrera: Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
Amparo Díaz-Román: Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme: Faculty of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, 46002 Valencia, Spain
Raúl Quevedo-Blasco: Centre for Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research (CIMCYC) and Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, 18011 Granada, Spain

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 6, 1-12

Abstract: Background: To mitigate the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the world adopted exceptional lockdown measures. This led to the disruption of normal life routines, including sleep. The aim of this study was to analyze differences in sleep patterns and subjective variables of sleep quality before and during lockdown. Methods: A sample of 1673 Spanish adults (30% men; 82% of the total were between 21 and 50 years of age) was evaluated. The following sleep variables were evaluated: Sleep latency, sleep time, number and duration of awakenings, sleep satisfaction, daytime sleepiness, and the manifestation of symptoms related to sleep problems. Results: Although 45% of people changed their sleep schedules (resulting in 42% sleeping longer during lockdown), sleep quality (37.6% worse), daytime sleepiness (28% worse), number of awakenings (36.9% more), and duration of awakenings (45% longer) were markedly worse. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences in all the evaluated sleep variables before and during lockdown in both men and women. Women reported less sleep satisfaction, and more symptoms related to sleep problems than men. Conclusions: A deterioration in the sleep patterns of the Spanish population, especially women, because of the lockdown declared due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: coronavirus; pandemic; sleep; circadian rhythm (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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