The Role of Traffic Volume on Sound Pressure Level Reduction before and during COVID-19 Lockdown Measures—A Case Study in Bochum, Germany

Falk Hemker, Timo Haselhoff (), Susanne Brunner, Bryce T. Lawrence, Katja Ickstadt and Susanne Moebus
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Falk Hemker: Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
Timo Haselhoff: Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
Susanne Brunner: Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
Bryce T. Lawrence: Research Group Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, Department of Spatial Planning, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
Katja Ickstadt: Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
Susanne Moebus: Institute for Urban Public Health (InUPH), University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 6, 1-16

Abstract: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, sound pressure levels (SPL) decreased because of lockdown measures all over the world. This study aims to describe SPL changes over varying lockdown measure timeframes and estimate the role of traffic on SPL variations. To account for different COVID-19 lockdown measures, the timeframe during the pandemic was segmented into four phases. To analyze the association between a-weighted decibels (dB(A)) and lockdown phases relative to the pre-lockdown timeframe, we calculated a linear mixed model, using 36,710 h of recording time. Regression coefficients depicting SPL changes were compared, while the model was subsequently adjusted for wind speed, rainfall, and traffic volume. The relative adjusted reduction of during pandemic phases to pre-pandemic levels ranged from −0.99 dB(A) (CI: −1.45; −0.53) to −0.25 dB(A) (CI: −0.96; 0.46). After controlling for traffic volume, we observed little to no reduction (−0.16 dB(A) (CI: −0.77; 0.45)) and even an increase of 0.75 dB(A) (CI: 0.18; 1.31) during the different lockdown phases. These results showcase the major role of traffic regarding the observed reduction. The findings can be useful in assessing measures to decrease noise pollution for necessary future population-based prevention.

Keywords: environmental noise; COVID-19; lockdown; acoustic environment; SPL; traffic noise; mixed-model regression; wind speed; rainfall (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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