NHANES 2011–2014 Reveals Decreased Cognitive Performance in U.S. Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Combinations

Edgar Díaz-Camargo (), Juan Hernández-Lalinde, María Sánchez-Rubio, Yudy Chaparro-Suárez, Liseth Álvarez-Caicedo, Alexandra Fierro-Zarate, Marbel Gravini-Donado, Henry García-Pacheco, Joselyn Rojas-Quintero and Valmore Bermúdez
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Edgar Díaz-Camargo: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
Juan Hernández-Lalinde: Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
María Sánchez-Rubio: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
Yudy Chaparro-Suárez: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
Liseth Álvarez-Caicedo: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
Alexandra Fierro-Zarate: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Cúcuta 540006, Colombia
Marbel Gravini-Donado: Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia
Henry García-Pacheco: Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Cirugía, Universidad del Zulia, Hospital General del Sur, Dr. Pedro Iturbe, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
Joselyn Rojas-Quintero: Medicine, Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Valmore Bermúdez: Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080001, Colombia

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 7, 1-15

Abstract: A relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment has been evidenced across research; however, conflicting results have been observed. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 3179 adults older than 60 from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to analyze the relationship between metabolic syndrome and cognitive impairment. In our results, we found that adults with abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol had 4.39 fewer points in the CERAD immediate recall test than adults without any metabolic syndrome factors [ Beta = −4.39, SE = 1.32, 17.75 (1.36) vs. 22.14 (0.76)]. In addition, people with this metabolic syndrome combination exhibited 2.39 fewer points in the CERAD delayed recall test than those without metabolic syndrome criteria [ Beta = −2.39, SE = 0.46, 4.32 (0.49) vs. 6.71 (0.30)]. It was also found that persons with high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, and low HDL–cholesterol levels reached 4.11 points less in the animal fluency test than people with no factors [ Beta = −4.11, SE = 1.55, 12.67 (2.12) vs. 16.79 (1.35)]. These findings suggest that specific metabolic syndrome combinations are essential predictors of cognitive impairment. In this study, metabolic syndrome combinations that included obesity, fasting hyperglycemia, high triglycerides, and low HDL–cholesterol were among the most frequent criteria observed.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome; cognitive impairment; older adults; NHANES; obesity; hyperglycemia; high triglycerides; low HDL–cholesterol (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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