Role of Maternal Diet in the Risk of Childhood Acute Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jessica Blanco-Lopez (), Isabel Iguacel, Silvia Pisanu, Claudia Choma Bettega Almeida, Eva Steliarova-Foucher, Ciska Sierens, Marc J. Gunter, Elena J. Ladas, Ronald D. Barr, Koen Van Herck and Inge Huybrechts
Additional contact information
Jessica Blanco-Lopez: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69007 Lyon, France
Isabel Iguacel: Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Silvia Pisanu: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
Claudia Choma Bettega Almeida: Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 1299, Brazil
Eva Steliarova-Foucher: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69007 Lyon, France
Ciska Sierens: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Marc J. Gunter: Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Elena J. Ladas: Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Ronald D. Barr: Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
Koen Van Herck: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Inge Huybrechts: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69007 Lyon, France

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 7, 1-28

Abstract: Many studies have investigated the etiology of acute leukemia, one of the most common types of cancer in children; however, there is a lack of clarity regarding preventable risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the role of maternal dietary factors in the development of childhood leukemia. All epidemiological studies published until July 2022 that evaluated maternal dietary risk factors for childhood acute leukemia were identified in two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) without limits of publication year or language. A total of 36 studies (1 prospective cohort study, 32 case-control studies and 3 studies with pooled analysis) were included. The published risk estimates were combined into a meta-analysis, using the Generic Inverse Variance method. The maternal consumption of fruits (two or more daily servings vs. less) was inversely associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.86), whereas maternal coffee intake (higher than two cups per day vs. no consumption) was associated with an increased risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (odds ratio = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12–1.89). Despite these findings, more high-quality research from cohort studies and the identification of causal factors are needed to develop evidence-based and cost-effective prevention strategies applicable at the population level. Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019128937.

Keywords: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; acute myeloid leukemia; maternal diet; prevention; risk factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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