Nutrient Adequacy in Endurance Athletes

Kamiah Moss (), Andreas Kreutzer, Austin J. Graybeal, Yan Zhang, Robyn Braun-Trocchio, Ryan R. Porter and Meena Shah ()
Additional contact information
Kamiah Moss: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
Andreas Kreutzer: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
Austin J. Graybeal: School of Kinesiology & Nutrition, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
Yan Zhang: Harris College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
Robyn Braun-Trocchio: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
Ryan R. Porter: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
Meena Shah: Department of Kinesiology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA

IJERPH, 2023, vol. 20, issue 8, 1-15

Abstract: Proper nutrition is critical for optimal performance in endurance athletes. However, it is unclear if endurance athletes are meeting all their energy and nutrient needs. We examined if endurance athletes are meeting their nutritional requirements and if this differed by sex. Ninety-five endurance athletes (n = 95; 50.5% men; 34.9 ± 12.9 y) participated in the study. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24 h dietary recall method. Energy and nutrient intakes were calculated using the ESHA Food Processor Diet Analysis Software and compared against reference nutrient intakes. Endurance athletes did not consume the recommended amount of energy (76.8% of athletes), carbohydrates (95.8%), linoleic acid (75.8%), α-linolenic acid (ALA) (77.9%), eicosatetraenoic and docosahexaenoic acid (96.8%), dietary fiber (49.5%), vitamins D (93.7%), E (71.6%), and K (54.7%), folate (54.7%), pantothenic acid (70.5%), biotin (83.2%), manganese (58.9%), magnesium (56.8%), chromium (91.6%), molybdenum (93.7%), choline (85.3%), and potassium (56.8%), and consumed too much saturated fat (50.5%) and sodium (94.7%) than recommended. Fisher’s Exact test showed that the requirements for dietary fiber (70.8% vs. 27.7%), ALA (87.5% vs. 68.1%), and total water (70.8% vs. 44.7%) were not met by more men versus women ( p < 0.05). The needs for protein (70.2% vs. 25%) and vitamin B12 (46.8% vs. 22.9%) were not met by more women compared to men ( p < 0.05). These findings need to be confirmed by a larger study.

Keywords: nutrient intakes; endurance athletes; nutrient adequacy macronutrients; micronutrients (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I I1 I3 Q Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/8/5469/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/8/5469/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:20:y:2023:i:8:p:5469-:d:1120900

Access Statistics for this article

IJERPH is currently edited by Ms. Jenna Liu

More articles in IJERPH from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().